x11: Enable legacy synchronization for external window resize and move events

External windows often handle their own events, and SDL implicitly processing events during synchronization can be unexpected and cause issues. For requests that don't change the window state beyond size or position, use the legacy synchronization method that synthesizes events from the window attributes without processing events.

src/video/x11/SDL_x11window.c

@@ -934,6 +934,75 @@ static int X11_CatchAnyError(Display *d, XErrorEvent *e)
     return 0;
 }
 
+static void X11_ExternalResizeMoveSync(SDL_Window *window)
+{
+    SDL_WindowData *data = window->internal;
+    Display *display = data->videodata->display;
+    int (*prev_handler)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
+    unsigned int childCount;
+    Window childReturn, root, parent;
+    Window *children;
+    XWindowAttributes attrs;
+    Uint64 timeout = 0;
+    int x, y;
+    const bool send_move = !!(data->pending_operation & X11_PENDING_OP_MOVE);
+    const bool send_resize = !!(data->pending_operation & X11_PENDING_OP_RESIZE);
+
+    X11_XSync(display, False);
+    X11_XQueryTree(display, data->xwindow, &root, &parent, &children, &childCount);
+    prev_handler = X11_XSetErrorHandler(X11_CatchAnyError);
+
+    /* Wait a brief time to see if the window manager decided to let the move or resize happen.
+     * If the window changes at all, even to an unexpected value, we break out.
+     */
+    timeout = SDL_GetTicksNS() + SDL_MS_TO_NS(100);
+    while (true) {
+        caught_x11_error = false;
+        X11_XSync(display, False);
+        X11_XGetWindowAttributes(display, data->xwindow, &attrs);
+        X11_XTranslateCoordinates(display, parent, DefaultRootWindow(display),
+                                  attrs.x, attrs.y, &x, &y, &childReturn);
+        SDL_GlobalToRelativeForWindow(window, x, y, &x, &y);
+
+        if (!caught_x11_error) {
+            if ((data->pending_operation & X11_PENDING_OP_MOVE) && (x == data->expected.x + data->border_left && y == data->expected.y + data->border_top)) {
+                data->pending_operation &= ~X11_PENDING_OP_MOVE;
+            }
+            if ((data->pending_operation & X11_PENDING_OP_RESIZE) && (attrs.width == data->expected.w && attrs.height == data->expected.h)) {
+                data->pending_operation &= ~X11_PENDING_OP_RESIZE;
+            }
+
+            if (data->pending_operation == X11_PENDING_OP_NONE) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (SDL_GetTicksNS() >= timeout) {
+            // Timed out without the expected values. Update the requested data so future sync calls won't block.
+            data->pending_operation &= ~(X11_PENDING_OP_MOVE | X11_PENDING_OP_RESIZE);
+            data->expected.x = x;
+            data->expected.y = y;
+            data->expected.w = attrs.width;
+            data->expected.h = attrs.height;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        SDL_Delay(10);
+    }
+
+    if (!caught_x11_error) {
+        if (send_move) {
+            SDL_SendWindowEvent(window, SDL_EVENT_WINDOW_MOVED, x, y);
+        }
+        if (send_resize) {
+            SDL_SendWindowEvent(window, SDL_EVENT_WINDOW_RESIZED, attrs.width, attrs.height);
+        }
+    }
+
+    X11_XSetErrorHandler(prev_handler);
+    caught_x11_error = false;
+}
+
 /* Wait a brief time, or not, to see if the window manager decided to move/resize the window.
  * Send MOVED and RESIZED window events */
 static bool X11_SyncWindowTimeout(SDL_VideoDevice *_this, SDL_Window *window, Uint64 param_timeout)
@@ -1214,9 +1283,10 @@ void X11_SetWindowSize(SDL_VideoDevice *_this, SDL_Window *window)
 
             X11_XGetWMNormalHints(display, data->xwindow, sizehints, &userhints);
 
-            sizehints->min_width = sizehints->max_width = window->pending.w;
-            sizehints->min_height = sizehints->max_height = window->pending.h;
+            data->expected.w = sizehints->min_width = sizehints->max_width = window->pending.w;
+            data->expected.h = sizehints->min_height = sizehints->max_height = window->pending.h;
             sizehints->flags |= PMinSize | PMaxSize;
+            data->pending_operation |= X11_PENDING_OP_RESIZE;
 
             X11_XSetWMNormalHints(display, data->xwindow, sizehints);
 
@@ -2203,6 +2273,15 @@ void X11_ShowWindowSystemMenu(SDL_Window *window, int x, int y)
 
 bool X11_SyncWindow(SDL_VideoDevice *_this, SDL_Window *window)
 {
+    SDL_WindowData *data = window->internal;
+
+    // If the window is external and has only a pending resize or move event, use the special external sync path to avoid processing events.
+    if ((window->flags & SDL_WINDOW_EXTERNAL) &&
+        (data->pending_operation & ~(X11_PENDING_OP_RESIZE | X11_PENDING_OP_MOVE)) == X11_PENDING_OP_NONE) {
+            X11_ExternalResizeMoveSync(window);
+            return true;
+    }
+
     const Uint64 current_time = SDL_GetTicksNS();
     Uint64 timeout = 0;