#pragma once

#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <numeric>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <iostream>

#if __cplusplus > 199711L
#include <functional>
#endif

#include <python2.7/Python.h>

namespace matplotlibcpp {

	namespace detail {
		struct _interpreter {
			PyObject *s_python_function_show;
			PyObject *s_python_function_save;
			PyObject *s_python_function_figure;
			PyObject *s_python_function_plot;
			PyObject *s_python_function_hist;
			PyObject *s_python_function_subplot;
			PyObject *s_python_function_legend;
			PyObject *s_python_function_xlim;
			PyObject *s_python_function_ylim;
			PyObject *s_python_function_title;
			PyObject *s_python_function_axis;
			PyObject *s_python_function_xlabel;
			PyObject *s_python_function_ylabel;
			PyObject *s_python_function_grid;
			PyObject *s_python_empty_tuple;
      PyObject *s_python_function_annotate;

			/* For now, _interpreter is implemented as a singleton since its currently not possible to have
			   multiple independent embedded python interpreters without patching the python source code
			   or starting a separate process for each.
				http://bytes.com/topic/python/answers/793370-multiple-independent-python-interpreters-c-c-program
			   */

			static _interpreter& get() {
				static _interpreter ctx;
				return ctx;
			}

			private:
			_interpreter() {
				char name[] = "plotting"; // silence compiler warning about const strings
				Py_SetProgramName(name);  // optional but recommended
				Py_Initialize();

				PyObject* pyplotname = PyString_FromString("matplotlib.pyplot");
				PyObject* pylabname  = PyString_FromString("pylab");
				if(!pyplotname || !pylabname) { throw std::runtime_error("couldnt create string"); }

				PyObject* pymod = PyImport_Import(pyplotname);
				Py_DECREF(pyplotname);
				if(!pymod) { throw std::runtime_error("Error loading module matplotlib.pyplot!"); }

				PyObject* pylabmod = PyImport_Import(pylabname);
				Py_DECREF(pylabname);
				if(!pymod) { throw std::runtime_error("Error loading module pylab!"); }

				s_python_function_show = PyObject_GetAttrString(pymod, "show");
				s_python_function_figure = PyObject_GetAttrString(pymod, "figure");
				s_python_function_plot = PyObject_GetAttrString(pymod, "plot");
				s_python_function_hist = PyObject_GetAttrString(pymod,"hist");
				s_python_function_subplot = PyObject_GetAttrString(pymod, "subplot");
				s_python_function_legend = PyObject_GetAttrString(pymod, "legend");
				s_python_function_ylim = PyObject_GetAttrString(pymod, "ylim");
				s_python_function_title = PyObject_GetAttrString(pymod, "title");
				s_python_function_axis = PyObject_GetAttrString(pymod, "axis");
				s_python_function_xlabel = PyObject_GetAttrString(pymod, "xlabel");
				s_python_function_ylabel = PyObject_GetAttrString(pymod, "ylabel");
				s_python_function_grid = PyObject_GetAttrString(pymod, "grid");
				s_python_function_xlim = PyObject_GetAttrString(pymod, "xlim");
				s_python_function_save = PyObject_GetAttrString(pylabmod, "savefig");
				s_python_function_annotate = PyObject_GetAttrString(pymod,"annotate");

				if(        !s_python_function_show
						|| !s_python_function_figure
						|| !s_python_function_plot
						|| !s_python_function_subplot
				   	|| !s_python_function_legend
						|| !s_python_function_ylim
						|| !s_python_function_title
						|| !s_python_function_axis
						|| !s_python_function_xlabel
						|| !s_python_function_ylabel
						|| !s_python_function_grid
						|| !s_python_function_xlim
						|| !s_python_function_save
            || !s_python_function_annotate
            )
				{ throw std::runtime_error("Couldn't find required function!"); }

				if(    !PyFunction_Check(s_python_function_show)
					|| !PyFunction_Check(s_python_function_figure)
					|| !PyFunction_Check(s_python_function_plot)
					|| !PyFunction_Check(s_python_function_subplot)
				  || !PyFunction_Check(s_python_function_legend)
          || !PyFunction_Check(s_python_function_annotate)
					|| !PyFunction_Check(s_python_function_ylim)
					|| !PyFunction_Check(s_python_function_title)
					|| !PyFunction_Check(s_python_function_axis)
					|| !PyFunction_Check(s_python_function_xlabel)
					|| !PyFunction_Check(s_python_function_ylabel)
					|| !PyFunction_Check(s_python_function_grid)
					|| !PyFunction_Check(s_python_function_xlim)
					|| !PyFunction_Check(s_python_function_save)
          )
				{ throw std::runtime_error("Python object is unexpectedly not a PyFunction."); }

				s_python_empty_tuple = PyTuple_New(0);
			}

			~_interpreter() {
				Py_Finalize();
			}
		};
	}
  
  bool annotate(std::string annotation, double x, double y)
  {
    PyObject * xy = PyTuple_New(2);
    PyObject * str = PyString_FromString(annotation.c_str());
    
    PyTuple_SetItem(xy,0,PyFloat_FromDouble(x));
    PyTuple_SetItem(xy,1,PyFloat_FromDouble(y));
    
    PyObject* kwargs = PyDict_New();
    PyDict_SetItemString(kwargs, "xy", xy);
    
		PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(1);
		PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, str);

    PyObject* res = PyObject_Call(detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_function_annotate, args, kwargs);
		
    Py_DECREF(xy);
		Py_DECREF(args);
		Py_DECREF(kwargs);

		if(res) Py_DECREF(res);

		return res;
  }

	template<typename Numeric>
	bool plot(const std::vector<Numeric> &x, const std::vector<Numeric> &y, const std::map<std::string, std::string>& keywords)
	{
		assert(x.size() == y.size());

		// using python lists
		PyObject* xlist = PyList_New(x.size());
		PyObject* ylist = PyList_New(y.size());

		for(size_t i = 0; i < x.size(); ++i) {
			PyList_SetItem(xlist, i, PyFloat_FromDouble(x.at(i)));
			PyList_SetItem(ylist, i, PyFloat_FromDouble(y.at(i)));
		}

		// construct positional args
		PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(2);
		PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, xlist);
		PyTuple_SetItem(args, 1, ylist);

		Py_DECREF(xlist);
		Py_DECREF(ylist);

		// construct keyword args
		PyObject* kwargs = PyDict_New();
		for(std::map<std::string, std::string>::const_iterator it = keywords.begin(); it != keywords.end(); ++it)
		{
			PyDict_SetItemString(kwargs, it->first.c_str(), PyString_FromString(it->second.c_str()));
		}

		PyObject* res = PyObject_Call(detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_function_plot, args, kwargs);

		Py_DECREF(args);
		Py_DECREF(kwargs);
		if(res) Py_DECREF(res);

		return res;
	}

	template< typename Numeric>
	bool hist(const std::vector<Numeric>& y, long bins=10,std::string color="b", double alpha=1.0){

		PyObject* ylist = PyList_New(y.size());
		
		PyObject* kwargs = PyDict_New();
		PyDict_SetItemString(kwargs, "bins", PyLong_FromLong(bins));
		PyDict_SetItemString(kwargs, "color", PyString_FromString(color.c_str()));  
	  PyDict_SetItemString(kwargs, "alpha", PyFloat_FromDouble(alpha));
		
		for(size_t i = 0; i < y.size(); ++i) {
			PyList_SetItem(ylist, i, PyFloat_FromDouble(y.at(i)));
		}

		PyObject* plot_args = PyTuple_New(1);

		PyTuple_SetItem(plot_args, 0, ylist);


		PyObject* res = PyObject_Call(detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_function_hist, plot_args, kwargs);


		Py_DECREF(ylist);
		Py_DECREF(plot_args);
		Py_DECREF(kwargs);
		if(res) Py_DECREF(res);

		return res;
	}
	template< typename Numeric>
	bool named_hist(std::string label,const std::vector<Numeric>& y, long bins=10,std::string color="b", double alpha=1.0){

		PyObject* ylist = PyList_New(y.size());
		PyObject* kwargs = PyDict_New();
		PyDict_SetItemString(kwargs, "label", PyString_FromString(label.c_str()));
    PyDict_SetItemString(kwargs, "bins", PyLong_FromLong(bins));
		PyDict_SetItemString(kwargs, "color", PyString_FromString(color.c_str()));  
		PyDict_SetItemString(kwargs, "alpha", PyFloat_FromDouble(alpha));
		
		for(size_t i = 0; i < y.size(); ++i) {
			PyList_SetItem(ylist, i, PyFloat_FromDouble(y.at(i)));
		}

		PyObject* plot_args = PyTuple_New(1);
		PyTuple_SetItem(plot_args, 0, ylist);

		PyObject* res = PyObject_Call(detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_function_hist, plot_args, kwargs);


		Py_DECREF(ylist);
		Py_DECREF(plot_args);
		Py_DECREF(kwargs);
		if(res) Py_DECREF(res);

		return res;
	}
	
	template<typename NumericX, typename NumericY>
	bool plot(const std::vector<NumericX>& x, const std::vector<NumericY>& y, const std::string& s = "")
	{
		assert(x.size() == y.size());

		PyObject* xlist = PyList_New(x.size());
		PyObject* ylist = PyList_New(y.size());
		PyObject* pystring = PyString_FromString(s.c_str());

		for(size_t i = 0; i < x.size(); ++i) {
			PyList_SetItem(xlist, i, PyFloat_FromDouble(x.at(i)));
			PyList_SetItem(ylist, i, PyFloat_FromDouble(y.at(i)));
		}

		PyObject* plot_args = PyTuple_New(3);
		PyTuple_SetItem(plot_args, 0, xlist);
		PyTuple_SetItem(plot_args, 1, ylist);
		PyTuple_SetItem(plot_args, 2, pystring);

		PyObject* res = PyObject_CallObject(detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_function_plot, plot_args);

		Py_DECREF(xlist);
		Py_DECREF(ylist);
		Py_DECREF(plot_args);
		if(res) Py_DECREF(res);

		return res;
	}
  template<typename Numeric>
	bool named_plot(const std::string& name, const std::vector<Numeric>& y, const std::string& format = "") {
		PyObject* kwargs = PyDict_New();
		PyDict_SetItemString(kwargs, "label", PyString_FromString(name.c_str()));

		PyObject* ylist = PyList_New(y.size());
		PyObject* pystring = PyString_FromString(format.c_str());

		for(size_t i = 0; i < y.size(); ++i) {
			PyList_SetItem(ylist, i, PyFloat_FromDouble(y.at(i)));
		}

		PyObject* plot_args = PyTuple_New(2);

		PyTuple_SetItem(plot_args, 0, ylist);
		PyTuple_SetItem(plot_args, 1, pystring);

		PyObject* res = PyObject_Call(detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_function_plot, plot_args, kwargs);

		Py_DECREF(kwargs);
		Py_DECREF(ylist);
		Py_DECREF(plot_args);
		if(res) Py_DECREF(res);

		return res;
	}

	template<typename Numeric>
	bool named_plot(const std::string& name, const std::vector<Numeric>& x, const std::vector<Numeric>& y, const std::string& format = "") {
		PyObject* kwargs = PyDict_New();
		PyDict_SetItemString(kwargs, "label", PyString_FromString(name.c_str()));

		PyObject* xlist = PyList_New(x.size());
		PyObject* ylist = PyList_New(y.size());
		PyObject* pystring = PyString_FromString(format.c_str());

		for(size_t i = 0; i < x.size(); ++i) {
			PyList_SetItem(xlist, i, PyFloat_FromDouble(x.at(i)));
			PyList_SetItem(ylist, i, PyFloat_FromDouble(y.at(i)));
		}

		PyObject* plot_args = PyTuple_New(3);
		PyTuple_SetItem(plot_args, 0, xlist);
		PyTuple_SetItem(plot_args, 1, ylist);
		PyTuple_SetItem(plot_args, 2, pystring);

		PyObject* res = PyObject_Call(detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_function_plot, plot_args, kwargs);

		Py_DECREF(kwargs);
		Py_DECREF(xlist);
		Py_DECREF(ylist);
		Py_DECREF(plot_args);
		if(res) Py_DECREF(res);

		return res;
	}

	template<typename Numeric>
	bool plot(const std::vector<Numeric>& y, const std::string& format = "")
	{
		std::vector<Numeric> x(y.size());
		for(size_t i=0; i<x.size(); ++i) x.at(i) = i;
		return plot(x,y,format);
	}

  inline void figure(){
		PyObject* res = PyObject_CallObject(detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_function_figure, detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_empty_tuple);
		if(!res) throw std::runtime_error("Call to figure() failed.");

		Py_DECREF(res);
  
  }
    inline void legend() {
		PyObject* res = PyObject_CallObject(detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_function_legend, detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_empty_tuple);
		if(!res) throw std::runtime_error("Call to legend() failed.");

		Py_DECREF(res);
	}

	template<typename Numeric>
	void ylim(Numeric left, Numeric right)
	{
		PyObject* list = PyList_New(2);
		PyList_SetItem(list, 0, PyFloat_FromDouble(left));
		PyList_SetItem(list, 1, PyFloat_FromDouble(right));

		PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(1);
		PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, list);

		PyObject* res = PyObject_CallObject(detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_function_ylim, args);
		if(!res) throw std::runtime_error("Call to ylim() failed.");

		Py_DECREF(list);
		Py_DECREF(args);
		Py_DECREF(res);
	}

	template<typename Numeric>
	void xlim(Numeric left, Numeric right)
	{
		PyObject* list = PyList_New(2);
		PyList_SetItem(list, 0, PyFloat_FromDouble(left));
		PyList_SetItem(list, 1, PyFloat_FromDouble(right));

		PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(1);
		PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, list);

		PyObject* res = PyObject_CallObject(detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_function_xlim, args);
		if(!res) throw std::runtime_error("Call to xlim() failed.");

		Py_DECREF(list);
		Py_DECREF(args);
		Py_DECREF(res);
	}
  
  
  double * xlim()
  {
    PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(0);
		PyObject* res = PyObject_CallObject(detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_function_xlim, args);
    PyObject * left = PyTuple_GetItem(res,0);
    PyObject * right = PyTuple_GetItem(res,1);
    double * arr = new double[2];
    arr[0] = PyFloat_AsDouble(left);
    arr[1] = PyFloat_AsDouble(right);
    
		if(!res) throw std::runtime_error("Call to xlim() failed."); 
    Py_DECREF(res);
    return arr;
  }
  
  
  double * ylim()
  {
    PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(0);
		PyObject* res = PyObject_CallObject(detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_function_ylim, args);
    PyObject * left = PyTuple_GetItem(res,0);
    PyObject * right = PyTuple_GetItem(res,1);
    double * arr = new double[2];
    arr[0] = PyFloat_AsDouble(left);
    arr[1] = PyFloat_AsDouble(right);
    
		if(!res) throw std::runtime_error("Call to ylim() failed."); 
    Py_DECREF(res);
    return arr;
  }

    inline void subplot(long nrows, long ncols, long plot_number) {
        // construct positional args
        PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(3);
        PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, PyFloat_FromDouble(nrows));
        PyTuple_SetItem(args, 1, PyFloat_FromDouble(ncols));
        PyTuple_SetItem(args, 2, PyFloat_FromDouble(plot_number));

        PyObject* res = PyObject_CallObject(detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_function_subplot, args);
        if(!res) throw std::runtime_error("Call to subplot() failed.");

        Py_DECREF(args);
        Py_DECREF(res);
    }

	inline void title(const std::string &titlestr)
	{
		PyObject* pytitlestr = PyString_FromString(titlestr.c_str());
		PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(1);
		PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, pytitlestr);

		PyObject* res = PyObject_CallObject(detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_function_title, args);
		if(!res) throw std::runtime_error("Call to title() failed.");

		// if PyDeCRFF, the function doesn't work on Mac OS
	}

  inline void axis(const std::string &axisstr)
	{
		PyObject* str = PyString_FromString(axisstr.c_str());
		PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(1);
		PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, str);

		PyObject* res = PyObject_CallObject(detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_function_axis, args);
		if(!res) throw std::runtime_error("Call to title() failed.");

		// if PyDeCRFF, the function doesn't work on Mac OS
	}

  inline void xlabel(const std::string &str)
	{
		PyObject* pystr = PyString_FromString(str.c_str());
		PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(1);
		PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, pystr);

		PyObject* res = PyObject_CallObject(detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_function_xlabel, args);
		if(!res) throw std::runtime_error("Call to xlabel() failed.");

		// if PyDeCRFF, the function doesn't work on Mac OS
	}

  inline void ylabel(const std::string &str)
	{
		PyObject* pystr = PyString_FromString(str.c_str());
		PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(1);
		PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, pystr);

		PyObject* res = PyObject_CallObject(detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_function_ylabel, args);
		if(!res) throw std::runtime_error("Call to ylabel() failed.");

		// if PyDeCRFF, the function doesn't work on Mac OS
	}

  inline void grid(bool flag)
	{
		PyObject* pyflag = flag ? Py_True : Py_False;

		PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(1);
		PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, pyflag);

		PyObject* res = PyObject_CallObject(detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_function_grid, args);
		if(!res) throw std::runtime_error("Call to grid() failed.");

		// if PyDeCRFF, the function doesn't work on Mac OS
	}

	inline void show()
	{
		PyObject* res = PyObject_CallObject(detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_function_show, detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_empty_tuple);
		if(!res) throw std::runtime_error("Call to show() failed.");

		Py_DECREF(res);
	}

	inline void save(const std::string& filename)
	{
		PyObject* pyfilename = PyString_FromString(filename.c_str());

		PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(1);
		PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, pyfilename);

		PyObject* res = PyObject_CallObject(detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_function_save, args);
		if(!res) throw std::runtime_error("Call to save() failed.");

		Py_DECREF(pyfilename);
		Py_DECREF(args);
		Py_DECREF(res);
	}

#if __cplusplus > 199711L
	// C++11-exclusive content starts here (variadic plot() and initializer list support)

	namespace detail {
		template<typename T>
		using is_function = typename std::is_function<std::remove_pointer<std::remove_reference<T>>>::type;

		template<bool obj, typename T>
		struct is_callable_impl;

		template<typename T>
		struct is_callable_impl<false, T>
		{
			typedef is_function<T> type;
		}; // a non-object is callable iff it is a function

		template<typename T>
		struct is_callable_impl<true, T>
		{
			struct Fallback { void operator()(); };
			struct Derived : T, Fallback { };

			template<typename U, U> struct Check;

			template<typename U>
			static std::true_type test( ... ); // use a variadic function to make sure (1) it accepts everything and (2) its always the worst match

			template<typename U>
			static std::false_type test( Check<void(Fallback::*)(), &U::operator()>* );

		public:
			typedef decltype(test<Derived>(nullptr)) type;
			typedef decltype(&Fallback::operator()) dtype;
			static constexpr bool value = type::value;
		}; // an object is callable iff it defines operator()

		template<typename T>
		struct is_callable
		{
			// dispatch to is_callable_impl<true, T> or is_callable_impl<false, T> depending on whether T is of class type or not
			typedef typename is_callable_impl<std::is_class<T>::value, T>::type type;
		};

		template<typename IsYDataCallable>
		struct plot_impl { };

		template<>
		struct plot_impl<std::false_type>
		{
			template<typename IterableX, typename IterableY>
			bool operator()(const IterableX& x, const IterableY& y, const std::string& format)
			{
				// 2-phase lookup for distance, begin, end
				using std::distance;
				using std::begin;
				using std::end;

				auto xs = distance(begin(x), end(x));
				auto ys = distance(begin(y), end(y));
				assert(xs == ys && "x and y data must have the same number of elements!");

				PyObject* xlist = PyList_New(xs);
				PyObject* ylist = PyList_New(ys);
				PyObject* pystring = PyString_FromString(format.c_str());

				auto itx = begin(x), ity = begin(y);
				for(size_t i = 0; i < xs; ++i) {
					PyList_SetItem(xlist, i, PyFloat_FromDouble(*itx++));
					PyList_SetItem(ylist, i, PyFloat_FromDouble(*ity++));
				}

				PyObject* plot_args = PyTuple_New(3);
				PyTuple_SetItem(plot_args, 0, xlist);
				PyTuple_SetItem(plot_args, 1, ylist);
				PyTuple_SetItem(plot_args, 2, pystring);

				PyObject* res = PyObject_CallObject(detail::_interpreter::get().s_python_function_plot, plot_args);

				Py_DECREF(xlist);
				Py_DECREF(ylist);
				Py_DECREF(plot_args);
				if(res) Py_DECREF(res);

				return res;
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct plot_impl<std::true_type>
		{
			template<typename Iterable, typename Callable>
			bool operator()(const Iterable& ticks, const Callable& f, const std::string& format)
			{
				//std::cout << "Callable impl called" << std::endl;

				if(begin(ticks) == end(ticks)) return true;

				// We could use additional meta-programming to deduce the correct element type of y,
				// but all values have to be convertible to double anyways
				std::vector<double> y;
				for(auto x : ticks) y.push_back(f(x));
				return plot_impl<std::false_type>()(ticks,y,format);
			}
		};
	}

	// recursion stop for the above
	template<typename... Args>
	bool plot() { return true; }

	template<typename A, typename B, typename... Args>
	bool plot(const A& a, const B& b, const std::string& format, Args... args)
	{
		return detail::plot_impl<typename detail::is_callable<B>::type>()(a,b,format) && plot(args...);
	}

	/*
	 * This group of plot() functions is needed to support initializer lists, i.e. calling
	 *    plot( {1,2,3,4} )
	 */
	bool plot(const std::vector<double>& x, const std::vector<double>& y, const std::string& format = "") {
		return plot<double,double>(x,y,format);
	}

	bool plot(const std::vector<double>& y, const std::string& format = "") {
		return plot<double>(y,format);
	}

	bool plot(const std::vector<double>& x, const std::vector<double>& y, const std::map<std::string, std::string>& keywords) {
		return plot<double>(x,y,keywords);
	}

	bool named_plot(const std::string& name, const std::vector<double>& x, const std::vector<double>& y, const std::string& format = "") {
		return named_plot<double>(name,x,y,format);
	}

#endif

}